{"id":2950,"date":"2024-04-11T02:11:27","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T05:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teknolojist.net\/?p=2950"},"modified":"2024-05-09T00:56:23","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T21:56:23","slug":"fotografciligin-temel-taslari-enstantane-diyafram-ve-iso-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/?p=2950","title":{"rendered":"Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Temel Ta\u015flar\u0131: Enstantane, Diyafram ve ISO Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa merak salanlar i\u00e7in temel foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k terimleri \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Bu terimleri bilmeyenler, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k konusunda ilerlemekte zorluk ya\u015fayabilirler. Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmenin temelinde bilgi bulunmaktad\u0131r ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sunaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan terimler \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda e\u011fer yeniyseniz mutlaka payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z terimleri incelemeniz gerekmektedir. Bizler de bu konuda sorun ya\u015fayanlar i\u00e7in bir metin haz\u0131rlad\u0131k. Gelin birlikte foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktaki \u00f6nemli terimlere g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Enstantane Foto\u011fraf Nedir?<\/h2>\n

Enstantane\u00a0<\/strong>de\u011feri\u00a0bir s\u00fcreyi ifade eder<\/strong> ve deklan\u015f\u00f6re bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sens\u00f6re ne kadar s\u00fcre boyunca d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini belirtir. \u015e\u00f6yle de denebilir; perde a\u00e7\u0131k iken sens\u00f6re g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn ka\u00e7 saniye kadar d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fidir. Frans\u0131zca\u2019da Enstantane terimi (instantan\u00e9) yani bir anl\u0131k, ans\u0131z\u0131n demektir. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki manzaray\u0131, portreyi kadrajlamak istedi\u011fimizde deklan\u015f\u00f6re bast\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sens\u00f6r<\/strong>\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre enstantane olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"y\u00fcksek<\/p>\n

Temel foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k terimleri bilgi sahibi olarak y\u00fcksek enstantane s\u00fcreleri ile\u00a0uzun pozlama<\/strong> yapabilirsiniz. Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekilirken sens\u00f6r s\u00fcrekli \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in makinenin sabitlenmesi gerekir. Tercihen tripot kullanabilir veya makineyi bir zemin \u00fczerine sabitleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011frafta Diyafram Nedir?<\/h2>\n

Foto\u011frafta diyafram\u00a0<\/strong>en basit anlat\u0131mla makinenizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde tak\u0131l\u0131 olan lensin objektif<\/strong>\u00a0d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve i\u00e7erisinde bulunan diyafram b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k \/ kapal\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren de\u011ferdir. Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekerken deklan\u015f\u00f6re bast\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda perde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve sens\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k gider. \u0130\u015fte bu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne kadar dar \/ a\u00e7\u0131k bir diyafram aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ip sens\u00f6re ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Diyafram b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k olursa makinenin sens\u00f6r\u00fcne o kadar fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k gider. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde diyafram ne kadar kapal\u0131 yani k\u0131s\u0131k olursa da sens\u00f6re o kadar az \u0131\u015f\u0131k gider.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da\u00a0Carl Zeiss 55mm f1.8 lensin 9 adet diyafram b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131 g\u00f6rmektesiniz. F de\u011feri b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e diyafram daral\u0131r, F de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e ise diyafram a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Z\u0131t bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Yani F1.8 de\u011ferinde sens\u00f6re en fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k gider.<\/p>\n

\"Carl<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta ISO Nedir? ISO Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n

Rakam ile belirtilen ISO de\u011feri k\u0131saca \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dijital foto\u011fraf makinelerinin sens\u00f6rleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hatta cep telefonlar\u0131nda bile art\u0131k ISO ayar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu de\u011feri art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda sens\u00f6r\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131k alg\u0131lama kabiliyeti artar ve foto\u011fraf daha parlak hale gelir. De\u011feri \u00e7ok y\u00fckseltirseniz foto\u011fraf netlik kaybeder ve kumlanmaya ba\u015flar. Cep telefonlar\u0131n\u0131n bu nedenle ISO kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Foto\u011fraf makinelerinin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e ISO kalitesi de artmaktad\u0131r. ISO de\u011feri<\/strong> y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e daha net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler elde edilir.<\/p>\n

O zaman ISO y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e foto\u011fraf netli\u011fi bozuluyorsa zararl\u0131 m\u0131? Hay\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek perde h\u0131zlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ISO y\u00fckseltilmelidir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda hareketi yakalamak i\u00e7in perde h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckseltilmelidir. E\u011fer d\u0131\u015f ortam \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yeterli de\u011filse mecburen ISO y\u00fckseltilmelidir. Daha sonradan e\u011fer kumlanma olu\u015ftuysa bilgisayar ortam\u0131nda bu beyaz noktalar azalt\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Noise (Kumlanma) Nedir?<\/h3>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz foto\u011fraf y\u00fcksek ISO de\u011ferinde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve noise (kumlanma) olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sens\u00f6r yeterinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ISO de\u011feri mecburen art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu noisy foto\u011fraflar ne kadar yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u00fczerinden k\u0131s\u0131lsa da foto\u011fraf netlik kayb\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>\n

\"Y\u00fcksek<\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 olman\u0131n yolu bu alana zaman ay\u0131rmaktan ge\u00e7er. Zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 verimli kullanabilmek i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz 3 temel terimi \u00f6\u011frenmeniz gerekir. Elbette daha bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131 bilgi var. Bunlar\u0131 yak\u0131n zamanda payla\u015f\u0131yor olaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu terimlerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu art\u0131k g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda da s\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon uygulamas\u0131nda bu kavramlara denk gelebiliyoruz. Ama biz bu i\u015fi biraz daha profesyonelli\u011fe d\u00f6kmek istiyoruz. \u0130\u015fte foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan terimler:<\/p>\n

Temel Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Terimleri Nelerdir?<\/h3>\n

Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Zoom:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu terim makinede yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p uzakla\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bozulmamas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Alan Derinli\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011frafa odaklama yaparken nesnenin yanlar\u0131nda netlik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu netli\u011fe alan derinli\u011fi denir. Bu terim foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B&W:<\/strong>\u00a0siyah ve beyaz \u00e7ekim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ifadedir. \u0130smini \u0130ngilizcelerinden almaktad\u0131r. (Black and White)<\/p>\n

Bl\u00f6r:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraflardaki bulan\u0131kl\u0131k, netsizlik anlam\u0131na gelir. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Calibration:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf\u0131n renginin ayarlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye de kalibrasyon olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

CCD:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in ortamdaki \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayarlayan sens\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

CF:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Compact Flash olarak bilinir ve haf\u0131za kart\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Contrast:<\/strong>\u00a0Resimdeki parlakl\u0131klar\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Deklan\u015f\u00f6r:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf veya video \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bas\u0131lan d\u00fc\u011fmedir.<\/p>\n

Diyafram:\u00a0<\/strong>I\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n filme ula\u015facak \u015fekilde ayarlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar s\u0131k s\u0131k bu terimi kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DPI:<\/strong>\u00a0Yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n veya taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ne kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011funu anlamaya yarar.<\/p>\n

DSLR:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Digital single-lens reflex olarak ge\u00e7er. Eski\u00a0model olan\u00a0SLR<\/em>\u00a0makinelerin \u00f6n\u00fcne dijitalle\u015fmenin \u201cD\u201dsinin geli\u015fi ile yeniden anlamland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enstantane:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u00e7ekilme s\u00fcresini ifade eder. Yani perdenin a\u00e7\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre de diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekerken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan pozlara verilen bir isimdir.<\/p>\n

E-movie:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131sa filmler manas\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Flash Memory:<\/strong>\u00a0Kameran\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Filtre:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf makinesine gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fczer ve filtreler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn pop\u00fcler kelimelerinden birisidir.<\/p>\n

Format:<\/strong>\u00a0Makinenin s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu terim kameran\u0131n g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi alan olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ISO:\u00a0<\/strong>Makinenin \u0131\u015f\u0131k hassasiyetidir. ISO de\u011feri art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda foto\u011fraf daha parlak olur.<\/p>\n

Kelvin:<\/strong>\u00a0Negatif ve saydam filmler i\u00e7in renk \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tabir eden kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lens Covering Power:<\/strong>\u00a0Objektifin ula\u015fabildi\u011fi en geni\u015f aland\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Macro Photogrphy:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu terim yak\u0131n \u00e7ekim manas\u0131na gelir ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar bu ismi \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Monopod:<\/strong>\u00a0Tek ayakl\u0131 foto\u011fraf makinesi tutucusudur.<\/p>\n

Netlik:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu terim foto\u011fraf\u0131n keskinlik oran\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Objektif:<\/strong>\u00a0Net foto\u011fraflar \u00e7ekme manas\u0131na gelir ve bir\u00e7ok mercekten olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Objektif\u2019den \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm:<\/strong>\u00a0Objektifteki \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmak manas\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Odak Derinli\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011frafa tekrar odaklamadan direkt olarak a\u00e7\u0131k ve net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Panorama:<\/strong>\u00a0Bir kameradan birden \u00e7ok kare foto\u011fraf alma manas\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Perde H\u0131z\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>Makinenin ka\u00e7 sn i\u00e7inde foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekti\u011fini ifade eder. Fiziksek olarak sens\u00f6r \u00f6n\u00fcndeki perdenin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanma s\u00fcresidir. Shutter speed olarak da ge\u00e7mektedir<\/p>\n

Reflected Light Reading:<\/strong>\u00a0Yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Resolution:<\/strong>\u00a0Bir foto\u011fraftaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck oran\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Size:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf boyutunun ayarlanmas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

SLR:<\/strong> Pop\u00fcler olarak kullan\u0131lan foto\u011fraf makinelerine verilen bir isimdir.<\/p>\n

Tone Seperation:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraflardaki koyu renklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Yans\u0131ma:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraf kalitesini bozan \u0131\u015f\u0131klar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir.<\/p>\n

Yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu terim, do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan daha \u00e7ok yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler veya sistemlerdir.<\/p>\n

Yaprak Film:<\/strong>\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara sahip tek kullan\u0131lan filmlere verilen bir isim.<\/p>\n

Yo\u011funluk Filtresi:<\/strong>\u00a0I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r ve grimsi bir renk katar.<\/p>\n

Yumu\u015fak Odak:<\/strong>\u00a0Foto\u011fraflar\u0131n keskinli\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve silikle\u015ftirilmesi manas\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

XGA:<\/strong>\u00a0Kamera \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 1024*768 olmas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in temel terimlerin \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Enstantane, diyafram, ISO ve kumlanma (noise) gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 anlamak, daha iyi foto\u011fraflar \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4901,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2950\/revisions\/4901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}