{"id":3555,"date":"2024-04-16T02:08:25","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T20:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teknolojist.net\/?p=3555"},"modified":"2024-04-16T02:08:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T20:58:16","slug":"avans-ayari-nedir-ve-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/?p=3555","title":{"rendered":"Avans Ayar\u0131 Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlarda verimli yanman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi bir\u00e7ok ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Avans ayar\u0131 da, verimli yanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mutlaka sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken ko\u015fuldur. \u00d6zellikle eski nesil ara\u00e7larda avans ayar\u0131 tamamen mekanik olarak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar, silindir i\u00e7erisindeki hava yak\u0131t kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131 prensibiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Silindir i\u00e7erisindeki patlama, pistonlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareket ettirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Pistonlar\u0131n yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareketi, s\u0131ras\u0131nda verimli yanman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in ate\u015flemenin do\u011fru anda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Ate\u015fleme<\/strong> i\u00e7in en do\u011fru zaman, piston silindirin \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00fc noktas\u0131na ula\u015fmadan birka\u00e7 derece \u00f6ncesidir. Ate\u015flemenin tamda bu noktada yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ate\u015fleme zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131na da avans ayar\u0131 denmektedir.\u00a0\u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar\u0131n tamam\u0131nda, motorun d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Avans ayar\u0131<\/strong> yap\u0131l\u0131rken\u00a0ate\u015flemenin erkene al\u0131nmas\u0131 avans k\u0131smak<\/strong>, ate\u015flemenin geciktirilmesi ise avans vermek\u00a0\u015feklinde tabir edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yeni nesil ara\u00e7larda avans ayar\u0131 ECU taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Krank devir sens\u00f6r\u00fc, vuruntu sens\u00f6r\u00fc gibi bir\u00e7ok sens\u00f6rden gelen verilere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ECU, ate\u015fleme zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli optimize<\/strong> eder. Eski nesil ara\u00e7larda avans ayar\u0131 el ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Distrib\u00fct\u00f6r \u00fczerinde bulunan mekanik avans tertibat\u0131 sayesinde ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 ayarlanmakta, vakum avans tertibat\u0131 ise artan motor devrine paralel olarak avans de\u011ferlerinin de de\u011fi\u015fmesine olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dizel<\/strong> ara\u00e7larda ise herhangi bir ate\u015fleme tertibat\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere dizel motorlar<\/strong> silindir i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7<\/strong> ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki havan\u0131n \u00fczerine, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 dizel yak\u0131t\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi prensibine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Dizel ara\u00e7larda mazot pompas\u0131 \u00fczerinden enjeksiyon zaman\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 ayarlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avans Ayar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131, ustal\u0131ktan daha \u00e7ok ekipman gerektiren bir i\u015flemdir. \u00dclkemizde ustalar avans ayar\u0131 yaparken genelde kula\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenmektedir. Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 \u00e7ok hassas bir ayard\u0131r. Motorun sesini dinleyerek, ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n hassas bir \u015fekilde ayarlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Eski nesil benzinli motorlarda ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 distrib\u00fct\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki mekanik avans tertibat\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015flemin hassas bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in mutlaka avans tabancas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 ayarlanmadan \u00f6nce arac\u0131n r\u00f6lanti ve platin ayar\u0131 kusursuz bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi taktirde yap\u0131lan ayar hatal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"avans<\/p>\n

Platin ayar\u0131 kabaca, distrib\u00fct\u00f6r i\u00e7erisinde bulunan ve bujiler ile ate\u015fleme bobini aras\u0131nda kontak kuran platin levhan\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funun ayarlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avans Tabancas\u0131 ile Ate\u015fleme Avans\u0131n\u0131n Ayarlanmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ara\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra ara\u00e7 durdurulur. Daha sonra distrib\u00fct\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki vakum avans tertibat\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131, vakum hatt\u0131 kapat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve distrib\u00fct\u00f6r\u00fcn sabitleme vidas\u0131 gev\u015fetilmelidir. Volan di\u015flisi veya krank kasna\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki avans \u00e7izgileri ile motor blo\u011fu \u00fczerindeki derece \u00e7izgileri belirlendikten sonra avans tabancas\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Mavi u\u00e7 birinci silindirin bujisine<\/li>\n
  • K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 u\u00e7 ak\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131 kutbuna<\/li>\n
  • Siyah u\u00e7 ak\u00fcn\u00fcn eksi kutbuna<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Distrib\u00fct\u00f6r\u00fc sa\u011f veya sol y\u00f6ne \u00e7evirerek ayara ba\u015flan\u0131r. Avans vermek i\u00e7in distrib\u00fct\u00f6r sa\u011fa do\u011fru, avans k\u0131smak i\u00e7inse sola do\u011fru \u00e7evrilmelidir. Avans tabancas\u0131 krank kasna\u011f\u0131na do\u011frultulur ve avans i\u015faretlerinin e\u015fle\u015fip e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fi kontrol edilir. Avans i\u015faretleri birbirleriyle e\u015fle\u015ftiklerinde, distrib\u00fct\u00f6r\u00fcn sabitleme vidas\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    R\u00f6lanti devrinde ayarlama yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra vakum avans tertibat\u0131 tekrar yerine tak\u0131l\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda bir ki\u015fi araca binip y\u00fcksek devirlerde gaz verirken, ba\u015fka birisi avans tabancas\u0131<\/strong> ile avans i\u015faretlerini yeniden kontrol eder. E\u011fer avans i\u015faretleri y\u00fcksek devirlerde birbiriyle e\u015fle\u015fmiyorsa, vakum avans tertibat\u0131nda bir sorun olabilir. Vakum avans tertibat\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak kontrol edilmelidir. Olas\u0131 bir hava ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bile y\u00fcksek devirlerde arac\u0131n ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Benzinli Arabada Avans Ayar\u0131<\/strong> Ka\u00e7 Derece Olmal\u0131?<\/h3>\n

    Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 derece olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, konuyla alakal\u0131 merak edilen noktad\u0131r. Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 ayarlan\u0131rken, arac\u0131 \u00fcreten firman\u0131n tavsiye etti\u011fi derecede ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Arac\u0131n kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzu ya da servis kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ek olarak LPG\u2019li ara\u00e7larda avans ayar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 normalden birka\u00e7 derece daha y\u00fcksek tutulabilir. LPG<\/strong> benzine g\u00f6re daha zor tutu\u015fan bir yak\u0131t oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in artan ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 LPG\u2019den daha y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Benzinli Ara\u00e7larda Avans Ayar\u0131n\u0131n Bozuk Oldu\u011fu Nas\u0131l Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

    Avans ayar\u0131, silindir i\u00e7erisindeki hava yak\u0131t kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0ne zaman tutu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. Motorun ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, hava yak\u0131t kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bujiler taraf\u0131ndan erken ate\u015flenecektir. Piston ate\u015fleme i\u00e7in uygun b\u00f6lgeye ula\u015fmadan silindir i\u00e7erisindeki yanma bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst noktaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve pistonun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareketine ge\u00e7erken, silindir i\u00e7erisindeki bas\u0131nc\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine dolay\u0131s\u0131yla motorun ciddi oranda g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla erken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yanma pistonun, yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nde hareketine devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nde bir kuvvete maruz kalmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Piston, silindir duvar\u0131 ve krank mili gibi par\u00e7alar y\u00fcksek strese maruz kal\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla avans vurmas\u0131 olarak tabir edilen durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Avans vurmas\u0131, motor par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine etki eden strese ba\u011fl\u0131 motorun \u015fak\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a0S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan avans vurmas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle motor y\u00fck alt\u0131ndayken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak \u015fak\u0131rt\u0131 sesleri takip edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Tam tersi senaryoda ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, bujilerin ge\u00e7 ate\u015fleme yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu durum silindir i\u00e7erisinde daha uzun s\u00fcre s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan hava yak\u0131t kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisiyle, kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve kendili\u011finden yanma durumu, silindir i\u00e7erisinde normalden daha y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fmas\u0131na ve motorda vuruntu (detonasyon)\u00a0ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bilgilere ek olarak ara\u00e7ta avans ayar\u0131 bozuksa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek belirtiler \u015fu \u015fekildedir;<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Motorun vuruntulu ya da sesli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/li>\n
    2. Arac\u0131n normalden daha fazla yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi yapmas\u0131<\/li>\n
    3. Kalk\u0131\u015fta ya da motor y\u00fcke bindi\u011finde arac\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131<\/li>\n
    4. Arac\u0131n son h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oranda d\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/li>\n
    5. Fakir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ve verimsiz yanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla motor i\u00e7i kurumlanman\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131<\/li>\n
    6. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n pistonlar\u0131 ve s\u00fcbaplar\u0131 eritmesi ya da piston kollar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011filmesi<\/li>\n
    7. Bujilerde \u00e7atlak ya da k\u0131r\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, ara\u00e7ta avans ayar\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren belirtiler aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Eski nesil benzinli ara\u00e7larda distrib\u00fct\u00f6r \u00fczerinde herhangi bir tamir ve bak\u0131m i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ate\u015fleme avans\u0131 mutlaka yeniden ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ate\u015fleme avans\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla kontrol edilmesi yarar\u0131n\u0131za olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlarda verimli yanman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi bir\u00e7ok ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Avans ayar\u0131 da, verimli yanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mutlaka sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken ko\u015fuldur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3555\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetabaci.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}